bilibili
研究：新发现的蛋白质与阿尔茨海默病风险的显著增加有关_我的网站
A | 这种蛋白质被称为SHMOOSE，是一种微小的"微蛋白"，由细胞内产生能量的线粒体中一个新发现的基因编码。
B | 该基因的突变使SHMOOSE微蛋白部分失活，并与四个不同队列中的阿尔茨海默病风险增加30%有关。
The designation of Deutsche Bank, a key and influential bank in Europe, to serve as the yuan-clearing bank will greatly facilitate and expand the use of the yuan in the EU market, providing more impetus to broader China-EU economic and trade ties, a Chinese analyst said on Tuesday.
The People's Bank of China (PBC), the central bank, announced on Monday that it had decided to authorize Deutsche Bank to serve as the yuan-clearing bank in Frankfurt, Germany, based on a memorandum of understanding with the Deutsche Bundesbank.
The move came as China-EU trade and economic ties continue to deepen and bilateral trade continues to expand, despite recent restrictions imposed by the European Commission.
In a statement sent to the Global Times on Monday, Deutsche Bank said that following the appointment by the PBC, it will facilitate direct end-to-end processing, clearing and settlement services for cross-border yuan transactions for European financial institutions and businesses, acting as a local bridge to China's payment systems.
Deutsche Bank, a global systemically important bank as well as the world's largest euro-clearing bank, said that it is the first foreign bank in Europe to receive this designation.
"Securing yuan-clearing capability in Europe reinforces our role as a trusted global clearing partner and our long-standing support for yuan internationalization. It strengthens China-Europe financial connectivity and enhances our ability to support clients' cross-border trade and investment flows with greater choice and flexibility," Alexander von zur Muehlen, CEO of Asia Pacific, Europe, Middle East & Africa and Germany at Deutsche Bank, said in the statement.
Xi Junyang, a professor at the Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, told the Global Times on Tuesday that while a number of Chinese banks are already performing yuan-clearing functions in the EU, the addition of Deutsche Bank, with its deep roots in the local market, carries great significance.
"Banks have different client bases, and Deutsche Bank has many European companies as its customers. With the appointment, these market participants enjoy a far greater degree of facilitation and ease in tapping yuan use cases," said the professor.
Companies and financial institutions can also avoid risks of foreign exchange losses as they can now directly choose yuan-euro settlement and bypass the use of a third currency, the expert said, noting that China-EU trade and investment ties will be one step closer with a local clearing bank coming onboard.
Tian Lihui, dean of the Institute of Financial Development at Nankai University, told the Global Times on Tuesday that the latest development, some 12 years after the first-yuan clearing bank form a Chinese bank was set up in Frankfurt, marked a milestone as the yuan-clearing system in Europe has evolved from a model where "Chinese entities handle clearing for Europeans" to one where "Europeans handle yuan-clearing themselves."
The decision by one of Europe's largest domestic banks to integrate into the yuan-clearing system signals that China-Europe financial cooperation is moving beyond the shallow level of facilitating trade settlements into the more substantial level of jointly building financial infrastructure, Tian said.
For both China and Europe, this move represents a mutually beneficial institutional alignment, Tian said. "China gains greater depth in the offshore yuan market, while Europe secures an additional strategic option amid the contest of major currencies."
Brussels has recently been intensifying its use of restrictive trade and regulatory tools across sectors ranging from clean technologies to digital infrastructure and foreign subsidies, with many of these measures seen as directly affecting Chinese firms and adding strain to China-EU economic relations.
However, despite these moves, deepening industrial and supply chain integration and the strong complementarity of the two economies have continued to push bilateral trade to new highs. In the first seven months of 2026, China's total trade with the EU stood at 3.67 trillion yuan ($543.90 billion), up 9.5 percent year-on-year, data from China's General Administration of Customs showed on Friday.
As China-EU economic and trade ties continue to expand and deepen, demand for the yuan to be used in the EU market will rise proportionately, and more EU banks will likely be authorized to serve as yuan-clearing banks, Xi Junyang said.
Financial cooperation between the world's largest trading bloc and the largest trading nation has accelerated in recent months. In May, the PBC renewed and expanded a bilateral currency swap agreement with the National Bank of Serbia, increasing the value of the swap from 1.5 billion yuan to 5 billion yuan.
Almost 80 percent of the surveyed Chinese companies operating in the EU plan to expand their investment, even amid tightening policies in the EU and an increasingly complex business environment, according to a report published by the Chinese Chamber of Commerce to the EU and the China Economic Information Service in March. Fostering cooperation in emerging industries and cross-border finance have been highlighted by industry insiders as new growth drivers of China-EU trade and economic cooperation.
The yuan accounted for 3.1 percent of global payments in June, rising from 2.75 percent in the previous month, and ranking as the fifth most active currency for global payments by value, according to a report from the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication. In terms of trade finance, the yuan ranked second with a market share of 8 percent.
。据研究人员称，几乎25%的欧洲血统的人有这种蛋白质的突变版本。阿尔茨海默病是最普遍的痴呆症类型。这是一种渐进式的疾病，从轻微的记忆丧失开始，可能会导致丧失进行对话和对环境做出反应的能力。根据美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的数据，在2020年，多达580万美国人患有阿尔茨海默病。
C | 这项研究于9月21日发表在《分子精神病学》杂志上。研究人员表示，这种以前未被发现的突变的巨大风险和高流行率都使它与其他涉及阿尔茨海默病的蛋白质有所区别。除了APOE4--这种疾病最有力的已知遗传风险因素--只有数量有限的其他基因突变被发现，而且这些突变只轻微地增加了不到10%的风险。此外，由于微蛋白的大小与胰岛素肽差不多，它可以很容易地被施用。这大大增加了它的治疗潜力。Pinchas Cohen说：“这一发现为开发基于精准医疗的阿尔茨海默病疗法开辟了令人兴奋的新方向，重点是将SHMOOSE作为一个目标领域。”他是这项研究的资深作者，也是老年学、医学和生物科学的教授。“对携带突变和产生突变蛋白的个体施用SHMOOSE类似物，可能证明对神经退行性疾病和其他衰老疾病有好处。”南加州大学神经科学博士毕业生Brendan Miller是该研究的第一作者。他利用大数据技术确定线粒体DNA中与疾病风险相关的基因变异。在分析发现一个基因突变增加了阿尔茨海默病风险、大脑萎缩和能量代谢后，Miller和他的同事发现突变的基因编码为SHMOOSE微蛋白，并开始研究其突变和默认形式。研究人员说，SHMOOSE是第一个用抗体和质谱法检测的线粒体DNA编码的微蛋白。看起来这种微蛋白修改了中枢神经系统的能量信号和新陈代谢。它在神经元的线粒体中被发现，其在脑脊液中的水平与阿尔茨海默病的生物标志物相关。各种细胞培养和动物实验表明，SHMOOSE部分通过栖息在线粒体的一个关键部分，即线粒体内膜，改变了大脑的能量代谢。阿尔茨海默病目前在美国被列为第六大死因。然而，CDC最近的估计表明，这种疾病可能排在第三位，仅次于心脏病和癌症，是老年人死亡的原因之一。
D | 尽管目前还没有治愈阿尔茨海默氏病的方法，但近年来在开发和测试新的治疗方法方面取得了重大进展。一个新兴的研究领域据Miller说，这些发现突出了微蛋白这一相对较新的领域的重要性。
E | 几十年来，科学家们主要通过考虑一组2万个大型蛋白质编码基因来研究生物学。然而，还有数十万个可能的编码微小微蛋白的基因已经被现代技术所揭示。Miller表示：“微蛋白领域仍然是如此的新。我们还不知道有多少微蛋白基因甚至是有功能的，而且从成千上万的名单中逐一研究潜在的微蛋白的成本实在是太昂贵和低效。
F | 我和我的同事用来检测SHMOOSE的方法显示了将大的遗传学数据与分子和生物化学技术相结合以发现功能性微蛋白的力量。
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